19 Apr
Pronoun conjugation is complicated, some are conjugated according to adjective paradigms, some are irregular.
|
Sg. |
Nominative |
já (I) |
ty (you) |
on (he) |
ona (she) |
ono (it) |
|
Genitive |
mne, mě |
tebe, tě |
jeho, ho |
jí |
jeho, ho |
|
|
Dative |
mně, mi |
tobě, ti |
jemu, mu |
jí |
jemu, mu |
|
|
Accusative |
mne, mě |
tebe, tě |
jeho, ho, jej |
ji |
je(j), ho |
|
|
Locative |
mně |
tobě |
něm |
ní |
něm |
|
|
Instrumental |
mnou |
tebou |
jím |
jí |
jím |
|
|
Pl. |
Nominative |
my (we) |
vy (you) |
oni (they) |
ony (they) |
ona (they) |
|
Genitive |
nás |
vás |
jich |
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|
Dative |
nám |
vám |
jim |
|||
|
Accusative |
nás |
vás |
je |
|||
|
Locative |
nás |
vás |
nich |
|||
|
Instrumental |
námi |
vámi |
jimi |
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In some singular cases, short forms of pronouns are possible, which are clitics. They cannot be used with prepositions. They are unstressed, therefore they cannot be the first words in sentences. Usually they appear in second place in a sentence or clause, obeying Wackernagel’s Law. Examples:
Nedávej mi to. Don’t give it to me.
Mně to nedávej. Don’t give it to me. (emphasizing mně)
Přijď ke mně. Come to me.
In 3rd person (singular and plural) j-forms are used without prepositions, n-forms are used after prepositions:
Ukaž mu to. or Ukaž to jemu. (emphasizing jemu) Show it to him.
Přišla k němu. She came to him.
Accusative forms jej (on), je, ně (ono) are usually regarded as archaic.
They: oni - masculine animate gender, ony - masculine inanimate and feminine genders, ona - neuter gender
Reflexive personal pronoun
Reflexive personal pronoun is used when the object is identical to the subject. It has no nominative form and it is the same for all persons and numbers. It is translated into English as myself, yourself, himself, etc.
|
Nominative |
—- |
|
Genitive |
sebe |
|
Dative |
sobě, si |
|
Accusative |
sebe, se |
|
Locative |
sobě |
|
Instrumental |
sebou |
Example:
Vidím se (sebe) v zrcadle. I see myself in the mirror.
Short form se and si are again clitics; often they are a part of reflexive verbs and as such are not usually translated into English explicitly:
Posaď se./Sedni si. Sit down.
Můj - my Tvůj - your
|
|
|
Masculine |
Masculine |
Feminine |
Neuter |
|
Sg. |
Nominative |
můj |
moje, má |
moje, mé |
|
|
Genitive |
mého |
mojí, mé |
mého |
||
|
Dative |
mému |
mojí, mé |
mému |
||
|
Accusative |
mého |
můj |
moji, mou |
moje, mé |
|
|
Locative |
mém |
mojí, mé |
mém |
||
|
Instrumental |
mým |
mojí, mou |
mým |
||
|
Pl. |
Nominative |
moji, mí |
moje, mé |
moje, má |
|
|
Genitive |
mých |
||||
|
Dative |
mým |
||||
|
Accusative |
moje, mé |
moje, má |
|||
|
Locative |
mých |
||||
|
Instrumental |
mými |
||||
Jeho - his, its
This pronoun is indeclinable.
Její - her
|
|
|
Masculine |
Masculine |
Feminine |
Neuter |
|
Sg. |
Nominative |
její |
|||
|
Genitive |
jejího |
její |
jejího |
||
|
Dative |
jejímu |
její |
jejímu |
||
|
Accusative |
jejího |
její |
|||
|
Locative |
jejím |
její |
jejím |
||
|
Instrumental |
jejím |
její |
jejím |
||
|
Pl. |
Nominative |
její |
|||
|
Genitive |
jejích |
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|
Dative |
jejím |
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|
Accusative |
její |
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|
Locative |
jejích |
||||
|
Instrumental |
jejími |
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Náš - our Váš - your
|
|
|
Masculine |
Masculine |
Feminine |
Neuter |
|
Sg. |
Nominative |
náš |
naše |
||
|
Genitive |
našeho |
naší |
našeho |
||
|
Dative |
našemu |
naší |
našemu |
||
|
Accusative |
našeho |
náš |
naši |
naše |
|
|
Locative |
našem |
naší |
našem |
||
|
Instrumental |
naším |
naší |
naším |
||
|
Pl. |
Nominative |
naši |
naše |
||
|
Genitive |
našich |
||||
|
Dative |
našim |
||||
|
Accusative |
naše |
||||
|
Locative |
našich |
||||
|
Instrumental |
našimi |
||||
Jejich - their
This pronoun is indeclinable.
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